The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) on Tuesday approved Serum Institute of India’s vaccine Covovax, Biological E’s jab Corbevax and anti-Covid pill Molnupiravir for restricted use in emergency situations, taking to 12 the number of preventives and treatments approved in India.

“Congratulations India. Further strengthening the fight against COVID-19, CDSCO, @MoHFW_INDIA has given 3 approvals in a single day for: – CORBEVAX vaccine – COVOVAX vaccine – Anti-viral drug Molnupiravir For restricted use in emergency situation,” Union Health Minister Mansukh Mandaviya tweeted.

Here’s the complete list of COVID vaccines and treatments approved in India – 

Vaccines

1. Covishield: Co-developed by the University of Oxford and British-Swedish company AstraZeneca, the two-dose vaccine is manufactured by Serum Institute of India (SII) as Covishield in India. 

2. Covaxin: Developed by Hyderabad-based Bharat Biotech in collaboration with the Indian Council of Medical Research and the National Institute of Virology, the indigenous two-dose vaccine uses an inactivated virus developed by chemically treating novel coronavirus samples to make them incapable of reproduction.

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3. Sputnik V: Developed by Russia’s Gamaleya Research Institute, the two-dose vaccine is produced using a combination of two adenoviruses called Ad5 and Ad26.

4. ZyCoV-D: Produced by Ahmedabad-based Zydus Cadila, the three-dose vaccine will be administered by a needle-free applicator instead of regular syringes.

5. Moderna: Developed by US-based company Moderna, the two-dose vaccine uses genetic code of messenger RNA (mRNA) to produce the viral protein to train the immune system for a future encounter with the infectious coronavirus. 

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6. Johnson and Johnson: Developed by the American company Johnson and Johnson, the single-dose adenovirus vector vaccine contains a piece of a modified virus, called the vector virus, which cannot reproduce itself, so it is harmless. This vector virus gives instructions to cells in the body to create an immune response.

7. Corbevax: Produced by Hyderabad-based firm Biological-E, the vaccine consists of a version of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which the virus uses to enter and infect the cells. 

8. Covovax: Developed by American biotechnology company Novavax and manufactured under license by SII, the two-dose subunit vaccine contains purified parts of the virus necessary to elicit a protective immune response.

Treatments

9. Molnupiravir: Developed by American company Merck, Molnupiravir is an antiviral medication that inhibits the reproduction of certain viruses. 

10. Tocilizumab: Developed by Swiss pharmaceutical company Roche, tocilizumab is an immunosuppressant primarily used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. It has been repurposed to fight lung infection in patients suffering from COVID. 

11. 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG): Developed by Dr Reddy’s Laboratories in collaboration with the Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO), 2-DG is an oral drug administered in India only on prescription. 

12. REGEN-COV2 antibody cocktail: Developed by Roche, it is a combination of monoclonal antibodies Casirivimab and Imdevimab that are administered together for treating mild to moderate COVID-19 patients.