KBC Offline Quiz: What is the name given to the first mammal to have been cloned from a cell?
Molly
Dolly
Polly
Rolly
Answer: Dolly
A mature Finn Dorset ewe’s mammary gland was used to clone Dolly. She was made by Wilmut and his group of scientists at Roslin by fusing a mammary cell with an unfertilized egg cell that had had its nucleus removed using electrical pulses.
The mammary cell nucleus was transferred into the egg cell during the fusion process, and the egg cell subsequently started to divide. The cell first needed to be encouraged to stop going through its regular cycle of growth and division and reach a quiescent stage in order for the mammary cell nucleus to be accepted and functional within the host egg. Researchers purposefully denied the cells nutrients in order to achieve that.
Experimental analysis had established the step’s significance, but there was no justification for why it was necessary. Nevertheless, a handful of fused couplets successfully produced embryos after starting with a mixture of host egg cytoplasms and mammary cell nuclei from Scottish Blackface ewes. The rebuilt embryos were implanted into Scottish Blackface ewe surrogates. One of the 13 recipient ewes became pregnant, and Dolly was born 148 days later—roughly normal for a sheep.
Dolly had a healthy heart, liver, brain, and other organs long after she was born; all of these organs were genetically produced from an adult mammary gland cell’s nuclear DNA. Later, the process utilized to create her was known as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Since then, SCNT has been utilized to create a wide range of mammalian clones from various adult cell types; nevertheless, its success in creating primate clones has been noticeably limited.
Dolly was put to sleep on February 14, 2003, by veterinarians who discovered she had a worsening lung illness. Her remains were preserved and put on exhibit at Edinburgh‘s National Museum of Scotland.
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