The boy in the center of this picture is affected by which genetic disorder?
Hemophilia
Dwarfism
Down’s Syndrome
Autism
Answer: Down’s Syndrome
A genetic disorder called Down syndrome is linked to intellectual incapacity, a distinctive facial appearance, and low muscular tone (hypotonia) in early childhood. Even though all affected people have cognitive deficits, the intellectual disability is often mild to moderate.
Nondisjunction, a type of cell division mistake, is typically the cause of Down syndrome. An embryo with nondisjunction has three rather than the usual two copies of chromosome 21. A pair of 21st chromosomes in either the sperm or the egg fails to split before to or during fertilisation. The additional chromosome is duplicated in all of the body’s cells as the embryo grows. Trisomy 21 is the term used to describe this form of Down syndrome, which makes up 95% of all cases.
The additional whole or partial chromosome’s origin is still a mystery. The only factor that has been connected to a higher risk of having a baby with Down syndrome as a result of nondisjunction or mosaicism is maternal age. However, 51% of children with Down syndrome are born to women under 35 years old due to greater birth rates in younger women.
There is no conclusive scientific evidence that suggests that environmental variables or parental behaviours before or during pregnancy cause Down syndrome.
Down syndrome is caused by an extra copy of the 21st chromosome, which can come from either the mother or the father. The father has been identified in about 5% of the cases.
About 1 in 700 neonates have Down syndrome. The number of persons in the United States who have Down syndrome is around 200,000, and there are roughly 5,300 newborns born here every year. Although women of any age can give birth to a child with Down syndrome, the likelihood of this happening rises with age.
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